Mouth-Body Connection®

Mouth-Body Connection®

 

The science and research behind our work.

 
 

Oral Health in America

 

From the first Surgeon General’s report in 2000 to the latest findings in 2021, the call has been consistent. To improve health outcomes, oral health must be fully integrated into the broader healthcare system.

 
2000 Surgeon General Report
 

2000 Surgeon General Report

 

In 2000, the U.S. Surgeon General released a landmark report declaring that "oral health is essential to general health." This report highlighted the divide between dental and medical care.

2010 Surgeon General Report Update
 

2010 Surgeon General Report Update

 

The 2010 update emphasized that oral diseases remain prevalent and that many individuals face barriers to accessing care. The report called for enhanced integration of oral health into overall health strategies.

Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges
 

Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges

 

The 2021 report called for stronger care coordination, expanded infrastructure and a renewed focus on prevention and education to address ongoing challenges.

 
 
 

Oral health is a key indicator of systemic health.

 

 

 
 

Oral pathogens can enter the bloodstream and trigger immune responses throughout the body. This inflammatory cascade is linked to chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, several cancers and complications in pregnancy. In fact, eight of the ten leading causes of death in the U.S. are linked to inflammation that can begin in the mouth.

 

Oral health impacts every system in the body.

 
 

Industry and Research Partners

 

To continue to increase awareness about oral-systemic health and the Mouth-Body Connection®, PDS Health works with a wide range of partners to advance research that highlights the benefit of integrated care.

 

Smile Generation connects patients to trusted dental providers committed to delivering advanced clinical care and an exceptional patient experience. Smile Generation practices regularly educate patients on the Mouth-Body Connection®.

 
Smile Generation Logo
 

The Santa Fe Group advocates for integrating oral health into Medicare. Their initiatives focus on equitable, community-driven, and evidence-based policy changes.

CareQuest Institute for Oral Health conducts research on oral-systemic health, health equity and value-based care, with a focus on underserved communities.

ADA Forsyth Institute is a leading research institute exploring the connections between oral health and overall well-being. The institute conducts groundbreaking studies on the mouth's role as a gateway to systemic health.

NACDD’s Medical-Dental Integration Task Force developed a national framework, including awareness, data sharing, interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainable payment models, to integrate oral health into chronic disease prevention.

 
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Evidence-based Research

 

The Mouth-Body Connection® is supported by a growing body of clinical and academic research. This evidence informs the work we do at PDS Health and guides how we partner with researchers, clinicians and organizations across health care.

Explore the research below to see how science is shaping the future of whole-person care.

 

  • How Your Mouth Could Be Killing Your Heart
    SF Study Finds | The Conversation | 2025 Download the study >
  • Association between periodontitis and blood pressure highlighted in systemically healthy individuals
    Hypertension | Aguilera | 2021 Download the study >
  • Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis - A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
    Circulation | Wilson | 2021 Download the study >
  • Association Between Periodontal Disease and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisted
    Frontiers in Caridovascular Medicine | Zardawi | 2021 Download the study >
  • Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases consensus report
    Journal of Clinical Periodontology | Sanz | 2019 Download the study >
  • Poor Oral Health and Blood Pressure Control Among US Hypertensive
    Adults | Hypertension | Peitropaoli | 2018 Download the study >
  • Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology | Wang | 2017 Download the study >
  • High-risk periodontal pathogens contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
    Postgraduate Medical Journal | Bale | 2017 Download the study >
  • Increasing Evidence for an Association Between Periodontitus and Cardiovascular Disease
    Circulation | Stewart | 2016 Download the study >

  • Preventive dental care is associated with improved health care outcomes and reduced costs for Medicaid members with diabetes | Frontiers in Dental Medicine | Lamster | 2022Download the study >
  • Oral Health Care and Primary Health Care: Stronger Together in Recognizing and Managing Diabetes | American Dental Education Association | Escontrías | 2022Download the study >
  • Impact of treating oral disease on preventing vascular diseases: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of periodontal treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes | Diabetes Care | Choi | 2020Download the study >
  • Effect of periodontal treatment on diabetes-related healthcare costs | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care | Smits | 2020Download the study >
  • Improved oral hygiene is associated with decreased risk of new-onset diabetes | Diabetologia | Chang | 2020Download the study >
  • Study links frequent tooth brushing to lower risk of diabetes | Diabetologia | EurekAlert | 2020Download the study >
  • Benefits of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontis: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Journal of Clinical Periodontology | Mauri-Obradors | 2017Download the study >
  • Periodontitis as a possible early sign of diabetes mellitus | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care | Teeuw | 2016Download the study >
  • Dental Care for Diabetics: Better Health, Cost Savings | Dental Trade Alliance | 2013Download the study >
  • Effect of Periodontal Disease on Diabetes: Systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence | Journal of Periodontology | Borgnakke | 2013Download the study >
  • Diabetes and Oral Disease: Implications for Health Professionals | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Albert | 2012Download the study >
  • Periodontal disease and diabetes - A two way street | Journal of the American Dental Association | Mealey | 2006Download the study >
  • Periodontal Disease and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes | Diabetes Care | Saremi | 2005Download the study >

  • Microglial cell response to experimental periodontal disease
    Journal of Neuroinflammation | Almarhoumi | 2023 Download the study >
  • Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | Asher | 2022 Download the study >
  • Potential mechanisms between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease
    Canadian Dental Hygienists Association | Lamphere | 2022 Download the study >
  • Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly
    Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring | Kamer | 2021 Download the study >
  • Burden of Chronic Diseases Associated with Periodontal Diseases: A retrospective cohort study using UK Primary Care Data
    BMJ Open | Zemedikun | 2021 Download the study >
  • Inflammation of the Periodontium Associates with Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events
    Journal of Periodontology | Van Dyke | 2021 Download the study >
  • Dose-response meta-analysis on tooth loss with the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | Qi | 2021 Download the study >
  • Clinical and Bacterial Markers of Periodontitis and Their Association with Incident All-Cause and Alzheimer’s Disease
    Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease | Beydoun | 2020 Download the study >
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal and Systemic Implications: A Systematic Review
    Dentistry Journal | Fiorillo | 2019 Download the study >
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease brains
    Science Advances | Dominy | 2019 Download the study >

  • Oral microflora and pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Scientific Reports | Jang | 2021 Download the study >
  • Periodontal pathogens and preterm birth: current knowledge and further interventions
    Pathogens | Terzic | 2021 Download the study >
  • Assessing the Association Between Periodontitis and Premature Birth: A Case-control Study
    BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Uwambaye | 2021 Download the study >
  • Treating periodontal disease during pregnancy
    European Federation of Periodontology | Bobetsis | 2020 Download the study >
  • Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcomes: Overview of Systematic Reviews
    JDR Clinical & Translational Research | Daalderop | 2018 Download the study >
  • Role of Maternal Periodontitis in Preterm Birth
    Frontiers in Immunology | Ren | 2017 Download the study >
  • Oral Health in Pregnancy
    Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing | Hartnett | 2016 Download the study >
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies Identification by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology | Nie | 2015 Download the study >
  • Fusobacterium Nucleatum: A Commensal-Turned Pathogen
    Current Opinion in Microbiology | Han | 2015 Download the study >
  • Oral Health Care During Pregnancy and Through the Lifespan
    The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | 2013 Download the study >
  • Periodontal Disease: a potential modifiable risk factor limiting conception
    European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology | Hart | 2012 Download the study >
  • The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions
    American Dental Association | Patton | 2012 Download the study >
  • An Examination of Periodontal Treatment, Dental Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in an Insured Population in the United States
    American Journal of Public Health | Albert | 2011 Download the study >
  • Term Stillbirth Caused by Oral Fusobacterium Nucleatum
    Obstetrics & Gynecology | Han | 2011 Download the study >
  • Periodontitis: A risk for delivery of premature labor and low-birth-weight infants
    Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine | Saini | 2010 Download the study >
  • Periodontal Pathogens and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
    Journal of Dental Research | Dasanayake | 2008 Download the study >
  • Exploring the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complications
    Journal of the American Dental Association | Bobetsis | 2006

  • Association between preventive dental care and healthcare cost for enrollees with diabetes or coronary artery disease: 5-year experience
    Compendium | Borah | 2022 Download the study >
  • Dental Services and Health Outcomes in the New York State Medicaid Program
    Journal of Dental Research | Lamster | 2021 Download the study >
  • Reimbursement Rates for Child and Adult Dental Services in Medicaid by State
    American Dental Association | 2021 Download the study >
  • Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Diabetes-Related Healthcare Costs
    BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care | Smits | 2020 Download the study >
  • Improved Health and Lower Medical Costs - Why good dental care is important
    Cigna | 2016 Download the study >
  • Economic Costs of Oral Care in the United States in 2014
    American Society of Health Economists | Kelekar | 2016 Download the study >
  • Evaluation of Cost Savings Associated with Periodontal Disease Treatment Benefits
    Avalere Health | 2016 Download the study >
  • Oral Health and the Triple Aim: Evidence and Strategies to Improve Care and Reduce Costs
    National Academy for State Health Policy | Andrew Snyder | 2015 Download the study >

  • Periodontal disease as a risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer
    Results from COLDENT study | Cancer Causes & Control | Janati | 2022 Download the study >
  • Periodontal Disease, Tooth Loss, and Risk of Serrated Polyps and Conventional Adenomas
    American Association for Cancer Research | Lo | 2020 Download the study >
  • Mediators of Inflammation – A Potential Source of Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    Journal of Immunology Research | Tampa | 2018 Download the study >
  • Variations of Oral Microbiota Are Associated with Pancreatic Disease Including Pancreatic Cancer
    Gut | Farrell | 2012 Download the study >

  • Spit Science: Why Saliva Is A Great Way To Detect Disease
    SF Study Finds | The Conversation | 2025 Download the study >
  • Predictive Periodontitis: The Most Promising Salivary Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Periodontitis
    Journal of Clinical Medicine | Cafiero | 2021 Download the study >
  • The Potential Impact of Salivary IL-1 on the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease: A Pilot Study
    Healthcare | Kim | 2021 Download the study >
  • aMMP-8 Point-of-Care/Chairside Oral Fluid Technology as a Rapid, Non-Invasive Tool for Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis Screening in a Medical Care Setting
    Diagnostics | Lähteenmäki | 2020 Download the study >
  • Prediabetes/Diabetes Can Be Screened at the Dental Office by a Low-Cost and Fast Chair-Side/Point-of-Care aMMP-8 Immunotest
    Diagnostics | Grigoriadis | 2019 Download the study >
  • Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology | Wang | 2017 Download the study >
  • Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
    The Lancet | Sarwar | 2012 Download the study >
  • Gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8-concentrations in patients after acute myocardial infarction
    Head & Face Medicine | Ehlers | 2011 Download the study >

  • Time to take gum disease seriously: The societal and economic impact of periodontitis
    The Economist Intelligence Unit | 2021 Download the study >
  • Oral Health In America: Advances and Challenges (2021)
    National Institutes of Health | 2021 Download the study >
  • Current Knowledge on Correlations Between Highly Prevalent Dental Conditions and Chronic Diseases: An Umbrella Review
    Preventing Chronic Disease | Seitz | 2019 Download the study >
  • Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease
    Biomedical Journal | Bui | 2018 Download the study >
  • Connections Matter: How Integrating Medical and Dental Data Improves Member Health and Lowers Cost for Employers
    Aetna | 2013 Download the study >
  • Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General (2000)
    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | 2000 Download the study >
 
 
 

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